Troubleshooting And Maintaining Cisco Ip Networks

Troubleshooting and Maintaining Cisco IP Networks (TSHOOT) Foundation Learning Guide by Amir Ranjbar Cisco Press | 2010 | ISBN: 1587058766 | 552 pages | PDF | 15 MB


Troubleshooting and Maintaining Cisco IP Networks (TSHOOT) Foundation Learning Guide is a Cisco� authorized learning tool for CCNP preparation. As part of the Cisco Press foundation learning series, this book covers how to maintain and monitor complex enterprise networks.
The chapters focus on planning tasks, evaluations of designs, performance measurements, configuring and verifying, and correct troubleshooting procedures and documentation tasks.

From this book you will learn the foundational topics for critical analysis, planning, verification and documentation, while configuring tasks would have been mastered in the CCNP ROUTE and CCNP SWITCH material. The author walks you through several real-world troubleshooting examples to help you refine your study in the art of troubleshooting.

Each chapter opens with the list of topics covered to clearly identify the focus of that chapter. At the end of each chapter, a summary of key concepts for quick study and review questions provide you with an opportunity to assess and reinforce your understanding of the material. Throughout the book, real-world troubleshooting examples serve to illuminate theoretical concepts.

Troubleshooting and Maintaining Cisco IP Networks (TSHOOT) Foundation Learning Guide is ideal for certification candidates who are seeking a tool to learn all the topics covered in the CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 exam.

Serves as the official book for the Cisco Networking Academy CCNP TSHOOT course
Provides a thorough presentation on maintenance and troubleshooting techniques for routers and switches in a complex enterprise network
Covers troubleshooting wireless, unified communications, and video issues in converged networks
Explains how to maintain and troubleshoot network security implementations
Uses extensive troubleshooting examples and diagrams to solidify the topic explanations
Presents self-assessment review questions, chapter objectives, and summaries to facilitate effective studying

This volume is in the Certification Self-Study Series offered by Cisco Press�. Books in this series provide officially developed training solutions to help networking professionals understand technology implementations and prepare for the Cisco Career Certifications examinations. 

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Top Rated Linux Distributions

There are various approaches to answering this question. The broad answer is: "any of them," but that's not very helpful if you're just looking for a place to start.
The problem is, there never can be one best Linux distribution for everyone, because the needs of each user tend to be unique. Telling someone who's looking for a good introductory distribution to try Gentoo, for instance, would be a mistake because for all its positive qualities, Gentoo is decidedly not a beginner's distro.
All too often, Linux aficionados will tend to list the distributions they like as the best, which is fair, but if they are not aware of their audience, they could suggest something that does not meet that person's needs. Finding a good Linux distribution is like finding a good match in an online dating service: good looks aren't the only quality upon which to judge a Linux distro.
To help users discover the Linux distribution that's best for them, this resource will definitively list the best candidates for the various types of Linux users to try. The use-case categories will be:

• Best Desktop Distribution
• Best Laptop Distribution
• Best Enterprise Desktop
• Best Enterprise Server
• Best LiveCD
• Best Security-Enhanced Distribution
• Best Multimedia Distribution

Best Linux Desktop Distribution

There are a lot of Linux distributions that have the primary focus of becoming the next best desktop replacement for Windows or OS X. Of all the categories in this list, this is the most sought-after, and contentious, group of distros.
While it would be ideal to include many distributions on this list, the reality is that there really needs to be just one "best" Linux distribution. For early 2010, that distro has to be Canonical's Ubuntu.

Ubuntu edges out its closest contenders, Fedora and openSUSE, because its development team is constantly focused on the end-user experience. Canonical and the Ubuntu community have spent a lot of time and resources on bringing ease-of-use tools to this distribution, particularly in the area of installing Ubuntu and installing applications within Ubuntu.
In addition, Ubuntu's level of support for its desktop products is highly superior, which is important in this class of distributions since it is the most likely to contain users new to Linux. Both the official and unofficial Ubuntu documentation is robust and searchable, a big plus.

Best Linux Laptop Distribution

Laptop distributions almost fall into the same category as desktop users, but there are a number of key differences that make the criteria for evaluating a good laptop distribution important. Power management, docking tools, and wireless ease-of-use are critical to users on the go, as is having a distro that meets those needs.
Right now, the best laptop distribution is openSUSE, one of the lead contenders for the desktop honors. On the laptop, openSUSE shines with great connectivity tools, such as an easy-to-use networking toolset that not only handles WiFi connectivity, but also CDMA/cellular modem connections.

openSUSE also deals with docking stations for laptops very well, including dual-monitor management on the fly. Power management is very granular, which is great for detailing various power needs you might find yourself needing.

Best Linux Enterprise Desktop

This category is replete with great contenders as well, and it's difficult to highlight just one. At the end of the day, though, the nod must be given to SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (SLED).

The reason is simple: while SLED and its primary competitor Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop are nearly identical in features and support performance, SLED has the advantage of the openSUSE Build Service, a free and open service that lets applications be built and delivered to SUSE Linux and openSUSE products (as well as Red Hat and CentOS).
This is a very important differentiator in enterprise desktop development, as it means that SLED has the current advantage of application building and deployment in the enterprise arena.

Best Linux Enterprise Server

Again, in this category it really comes down to two main contenders: Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) andSUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES). Given the pick for the Enterprise Desktop category, you might expect SLES to get the "best of" label here.
But, when all factors for the enterprise server are weighed, RHEL is still the king of this particular hill.

Red Hat edges out Novell with its server product, because RHEL users get a deeply mature distribution, and Red Hat's support structure is second to none in the enterprise channels.

Best Linux LiveCD

As Linux technology improves, users can easily choose the LiveCD version of practically any of the Linux distros listed here to get the best LiveCD experience for their needs.
There is a specialized class of LiveCDs, however, that offers users utilities and tools for the specific purpose of repairing existing Linux and Windows installations. These distros are very useful to have regardless of what primary Linux distribution you like to use, because in a crisis they are invaluable to own.
In this class of distribution, KNOPPIX is hands-down the most complete and useful distro. Loaded on a CD or USB storage device, KNOPPIX will let you recover from nearly any rare Linux system crash as well as the much-less-rare Windows breakdowns.

Best Linux Security-Enhanced Distribution

Linux is inherently very secure compared to other operating systems, but there's always room for improvement.
One of the challenges for locking down Linux is if you are not careful, you can take away too much functionality. Another challenge is that the best security-oriented Linux distro, SELinux, is historically known to be difficult to configure correctly. Still, if security out of the box is your priority, this is the best place to begin.
Another approach is the white hat method: using security and forensic tools to examine your existing installation, determine the holes, then lock your system down based on what gaps you find. If you have the time and inclination, this is a great way to do it, because this will get any existing system more secure right away.
For the white hat approach, the best distribution is BackTrack Linux, a dedicated penetration testing distro that will enable you to safely try to crack any system you are caretaking. Its toolset and strong community give it the advantage in this category.

Best Linux Multimedia Distribution

General Linux distributions have come a long way in terms of multimedia performance. Rare is the audio or video file that can't be played on Linux. Music services such as Rhapsody and video sites like YouTube and Hulu are also standards-compliant and accessible to Linux users.
Still, for those users who are multimedia creators as well as consumers, there are Linux distributions that contain powerful tools for audio and video editing.
The best in this class is currently Ubuntu Studio. For audio, video, and graphic production, it contains a very complete set of tools, as well as format and codec support for a huge range of multimedia formats.

The applications contained in Ubuntu Studio are the same or similar to those used by major studios to create cutting edge work, so users are getting the best apps, coupled with the strong support ethos already found in the Ubuntu community.

A beginners guide to Linux

A beginners guide to Linux for those with little or no computer experience.

1. What is Linux?

Linux is a free Unix-type operating system for computer devices. The operating system is what makes the hardware work together with the software. The OS is the interface that allows you to do the things you want with your computer. Linux is freely available to everyone. OS X and Windows are other widely used OS. 

                                                                               

Linux gives you a graphical interface that makes it easy to use your computer, yet it still allows those with know-how to change settings by adjusting 0 to 1. 
It is only the kernel that is named Linux, the rest of the OS are GNU tools. A package with the kernel and the needed tools make up a Linux distribution. Mandrake , SUSE Linux, Gentoo and Redhat are some of the many variants. GNU/Linux OS can be used on a large number of boxes, including i386+ , Alpha, PowerPC and Sparc. 

2. Understanding files and folders

Linux is made with one thought in mind: Everything is a file. 
A blank piece of paper is called a file in the world of computers. You can use this piece of paper to write a text or make a drawing. Your text or drawing is called information. A computer file is another way of storing your information. 
If you make many drawings then you will eventually want to sort them in different piles or make some other system that allows you to easily locate a given drawing. Computers use folders to sort your files in a hieratic system. 
A file is an element of data storage in a file system. Files are usually stored on harddrives, cdroms and other media, but may also be information stored in RAM or links to devices. 
To organize our files into a system we use folders. The lowest possible folder is root / where you will find the user homes called /home/. 

/
  /home/
  /home/mom/
  /home/dad/

Behind every configurable option there is a simple human-readable text file you can hand-edit to suit your needs. These days most programs come with nice GUI (graphical user interface) like Mandrakes Control Center and Suses YAST that can smoothly guide you through most configuration. Those who choose can gain full control of their system by manually adjusting the configuration files from foo=yes to foo=no in an editor. 
Almost everything you do on a computer involves one or more files stored locally or on a network. 
Your filesystems lowest folder root / contains the following folders: 

/bin	Essential user command binaries (for use by all users)
/boot	Static files of the boot loader, only used at system startup
/dev	Device files, links to your hardware devices like /dev/sound, /dev/input/js0 (joystick)
/etc	Host-specific system configuration
/home	User home directories. This is where you save your personal files
/lib	Essential shared libraries and kernel modules
/mnt	Mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystem like /mnt/cdrom
/opt	Add-on application software packages
/usr	/usr is the second major section of the filesystem. /usr is shareable, read-only data. That means that /usr should be shareable between various FHS-compliant hosts and must not be written to. Any information that is host-specific or varies with time is stored elsewhere.
/var	/var contains variable data files. This includes spool directories and files, administrative and logging data, and transient and temporary files.
/proc	System information stored in memory mirrored as files.

The only folder a normal user needs to use is /home/you/ - this is where you will be keeping all your documents. 

/home/elvis/Documents
  /home/elvis/Music
  /home/elvis/Music/60s

Files are case sensitive, "myfile" and "MyFile" are two different files. 
For more details, check out: 

3. Understanding users and permissions

Linux is based on the idea that everyone using a system has their own username and password. 
Every file belongs to a user and a group, and has a set of given attributes (read, write and executable) for users, groups and all (everybody). 
A file or folder can have permissions that only allows the user it belongs to to read and write to it, allowing the group it belongs to to read it and at the same time all other users can't even read the file. 

4. Who and what is root

Linux has one special user called root (this is the user name). Root is the "system administrator" and has access to all files and folders. This special user has the right to do anything. 
You should never log on as this user unless you actually need to do something that requires it! 
Use su - to temporary become root and do the things you need, again: never log into your sytem as root! 
Root is only for system maintenance, this is not a regular user (LindowsOS don't have any user management at all and uses root for everything, this is a very bad idea!). 
You can execute a command as root with: 
su -c 'command done as root' 
Gentoo Linux: Note that on Gentoo Linux only users that are member of the wheel group are allowed to su to root.